The Role of Emergency Nurses in Disaster Preparedness and Response in Borno State
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Background of the Study
Disasters, whether natural or human-induced, pose significant challenges to public health systems, requiring effective emergency response mechanisms to mitigate casualties and enhance survival rates. Emergency nurses play a vital role in disaster preparedness and response, as they are often the first healthcare professionals to provide critical care during emergencies such as conflicts, epidemics, floods, and terrorist attacks (World Health Organization, 2024). These nurses are responsible for triage, trauma care, stabilization of critically ill patients, and coordination of emergency medical services (Adeyemi & Hassan, 2024).
Borno State, located in northeastern Nigeria, has been at the center of prolonged insurgency, communal clashes, and natural disasters. The persistent insecurity, including attacks by Boko Haram, has led to mass displacement, increased trauma cases, and a heightened demand for emergency medical services (Garba & Sanni, 2023). In such a volatile environment, emergency nurses must be well-equipped to handle crisis situations, manage casualties efficiently, and work under extreme pressure.
Despite the crucial role of emergency nurses in disaster response, limited research exists on their preparedness, effectiveness, and challenges in Borno State. Understanding how well-trained and equipped these nurses are can provide insights into improving emergency healthcare services and disaster response frameworks in the region.
Statement of the Problem
Borno State continues to experience frequent disasters, ranging from insurgent attacks to public health emergencies. However, the state’s healthcare system remains overstretched, and emergency nurses often face challenges such as inadequate training, limited medical supplies, and high patient influx (Williams & Yusuf, 2024). These challenges raise concerns about the effectiveness of disaster preparedness and response in the region.
Without adequate disaster preparedness, the capacity of emergency nurses to respond effectively is compromised, leading to preventable fatalities and worsening health crises. This study seeks to examine the role of emergency nurses in disaster preparedness and response in Borno State, identify challenges, and recommend strategies to strengthen emergency nursing services.
Objectives of the Study
- To assess the role of emergency nurses in disaster preparedness and response in Borno State.
- To identify the challenges emergency nurses face in managing disasters.
- To propose strategies for improving the effectiveness of emergency nurses in disaster response.
Research Questions
- What role do emergency nurses play in disaster preparedness and response in Borno State?
- What challenges do emergency nurses encounter in responding to disasters?
- What strategies can enhance the effectiveness of emergency nurses in disaster preparedness and response?
Research Hypotheses
H₀: Emergency nurses do not play a significant role in disaster preparedness and response in Borno State.
H₁: Emergency nurses play a significant role in disaster preparedness and response in Borno State.
H₀: Emergency nurses do not face significant challenges in managing disaster situations.
H₁: Emergency nurses face significant challenges in managing disaster situations.
H₀: Implementing new strategies will not improve emergency nurses’ effectiveness in disaster preparedness and response.
H₁: Implementing new strategies will improve emergency nurses’ effectiveness in disaster preparedness and response.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study focuses on emergency nurses working in hospitals, trauma centers, and humanitarian response units in Borno State. It examines their training, response strategies, and challenges in handling disaster situations. Limitations include the unpredictable nature of disasters, restricted access to conflict-affected areas, and the possibility of underreporting by healthcare professionals due to security concerns.
Definitions of Terms
- Disaster Preparedness – Strategies and measures implemented to ensure readiness for responding to emergencies.
- Emergency Nurse – A specialized nurse trained to provide immediate medical care during critical situations.
- Triage – The process of prioritizing patients based on the severity of their condition.
- Crisis Response – The immediate actions taken to manage a disaster and provide medical assistance.
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